Anexos:

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Punto1. 

Datos sobre la población en el 2050

http://data.un.org/

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Punto2.

Urban trends URBAN WATCH-april 2010 :
(http://www.unhabitat.org/)

Research shows that, potentially, cities can make countries rich because the high concentration of people enables industry to produce goods more cheaply. High population densities in cities reduce transaction costs, make public spending on infrastructure and services cheaper, and make the generation and diffusion of knowledge easier. In turn, these factors attract the fast growing sectors of an economy into cities.

Urbanization and economic growth

In analyzing global trends, the degree of a country’s urbanization is now an indicator of wealth. The more urbanized a country, the higher the individual incomes. However, the authors find that the reverse is true for countries ravaged by civil war. In Liberia, for example, individual incomes declined as rural populations fled to towns in search of safety. Extreme inequalities, inadequate or ineffective policies can also block development or, at least, set back progress substantially.

Recent research shows a positive link between economic development and urbanization in most countries in Africa. In Asia it is clear that urbanization is the major factor behind economic growth, contributing to an overall reduction in poverty rates. In Latin America, however, economic development and urbanization have been linked through industrialization and modernization yet the result has been high degrees of inequality between and within countries.In trying to understand the causal relationship between economic growth and urbanization, the results remain unclear. However, what is certain is that the level of urbanization (that is the proportion of people living in urban areas) is associated in some places with numerous, positive outcomes such as technological innovation, forms of creativity, economic progress, higher standards of living, enhanced democratic accountability and women’s empowerment. In conclusion, the report calls for policy-makers and planners to understand that urbanization can be a positive force for economic development, leading to desirable social and political outcomes.

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Punto 3.

http://www.rema.org.py/rema.html

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Punto 4.